Table 3 The results of the three-dimensional test of learning outcomes.
Intervention strategy | Learning outcomes | Effect quantity | Effect size | 95% Confidence interval | Heterogeneity test | Twotailed test | Intergroup effect | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower limit | Upper limit | I2 | df(P) | Z(P) | Chi2(P) | ||||
Technical-Supported collaboration | Academic achievements | 68 | 0.80 | 0.66 | 0.94 | 83% | 67*** | 11.34*** | 6.08* |
Learning attitude | 30 | 0.52 | 0.35 | 0.69 | 72% | 29*** | 5.86*** | ||
Learning participation | 27 | 0.67 | 0.48 | 0.87 | 72% | 26*** | 6.82*** | ||
Comprehensive effect size | 125 | 0.71 | 0.61 | 0.80 | 79% | 124*** | 14.36*** | ||
