Table 1 Augmented Dickey-Fuller test for unit root with constant.

From: Do institutions matter in the fiscal reaction function? The case of Egypt

Variables

Level

1st Difference

Order of Integration

Primary balance-To-GDP

−3.74***

 

I(0)

Debt-To-GDP

−2.95***

 

I(0)

Output gap

−4.19***

 

I(0)

Real interest rate

−2.35**

 

I(0)

Current account balance (%)

−2.54***

 

I(0)

Nominal exchange rate

0.14

−4.09***

I(1)

Control of corruption

−1.57

−4.86***

I(1)

Government effectiveness

−2.96***

 

I(0)

Political stability

−2.66***

 

I(0)

Regulatory quality

−2.04**

 

I(0)

Rule of law

−1.97**

 

I(0)

Voice and accountability

−1.20

−5.65***

I(1)

IQI

−2.85***

 

I(0)

  1. Source: STATA output using WDI, WGI, IMF and CBE data.
  2. Note: ADF is the augmented Dicky-Fuller test with a null hypothesis that the variable has a unit root.
  3. *** significance at 1%, ** significance at 5% and * significance at 10%.