Table 3 Summary statistics (mean, standard deviation, and median) of numerical patent indicators (Panel #1) and binary variables (Panel #2), grouped by gender collaboration status.
Panel #1: Numerical Variables | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Mean (OW) | Mean (GC) | Mean (OM) | Std. Dev. (OW) | Std. Dev. (GC) | Std. Dev. (OM) | Median (OW) | Median (GC) | Median (OM) | F |
Team size | 1.179 | 4.113 | 2.104 | 0.489 | 2.266 | 1.407 | 1.000 | 4.000 | 4.000 | 423,167.157*** |
Claims | 15.389 | 18.850 | 17.285 | 10.742 | 12.052 | 11.962 | 15.000 | 18.000 | 18.000 | 5559.118*** |
Bwd. citations | 12.042 | 23.418 | 18.937 | 38.230 | 109.775 | 103.908 | 3.000 | 5.000 | 5.000 | 696.356*** |
Cited papers | 6.224 | 13.227 | 4.323 | 23.767 | 40.628 | 21.191 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 26,195.349*** |
Cited papers/inventor | 5.212 | 3.647 | 2.380 | 20.973 | 11.883 | 12.565 | 0.000 | 0.200 | 0.200 | 3906.592*** |
Scope (4-digit) | 1.994 | 2.297 | 2.051 | 1.258 | 1.468 | 1.341 | 2.000 | 2.000 | 2.000 | 7848.859*** |
Scope (full-digit) | 5.790 | 8.419 | 6.382 | 6.146 | 8.628 | 7.284 | 4.000 | 6.000 | 6.000 | 18,059.037*** |
Scope per inventor | 1.822 | 0.678 | 1.318 | 1.216 | 0.530 | 1.104 | 1.500 | 0.500 | 0.500 | 104,163.403*** |
Originality | 0.642 | 0.663 | 0.650 | 0.244 | 0.238 | 0.243 | 0.720 | 0.735 | 0.735 | 528.867*** |
Fwd. citations (5-y) | 2.079 | 3.737 | 3.167 | 9.088 | 18.493 | 16.798 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 500.000*** |
Generality (5-y) | 0.421 | 0.450 | 0.432 | 0.277 | 0.268 | 0.276 | 0.489 | 0.500 | 0.500 | 585.640*** |
Disruption (5-y) | 0.094 | 0.065 | 0.101 | 0.280 | 0.231 | 0.285 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1500.574*** |
Panel #2: Binary Variables | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Count (OW) | Count (GC) | Count (OM) | Chi2 | Â | Variable | Count (OW) | Count (GC) | Count (OM) | Chi2 |
Public support | 13,773 (18.1%) | 112,930 (30.8%) | 528,175 (21.9%) | 15,152.7*** | Â | Novelty | 48,915 (49.1%) | 255,946 (46.4%) | 1,501,749 (49.3%) | 1602.1*** |
Top cited | 6540 (6.6%) | 59,234 (10.7%) | 303,939 (10.0%) | 1,633.6*** | Â | Top disruptive | 5740 (11.5%) | 20,305 (10.1%) | 163,055 (9.9%) | 123.5*** |
