Table 4 \(t\)-test and \(F\)-test statistics for comparisons between the study areas.

From: Asymmetric impacts of artificial intelligence on housing price valuation across education levels

 

Busan

 

Daegu

 

Daejeon

 
 

\(t\)-test

\(F\)-test

\(t\)-test

\(F\)-test

\(t\)-test

\(F\)-test

Panel A: Univ. grad.

Daegu

\({-58.72^{\ddagger}}\)

\({1.33}^{\ddagger}\)

    

Daejeon

\({41.05^{\ddagger}}\)

\({1.14^{\ddagger}}\)

\({90.56^{\ddagger}}\)

\({1.16^{\ddagger}}\)

  

Gwangju

\({35.75^{\ddagger}}\)

\({1.77^{\ddagger}}\)

\({104.37^{\ddagger}}\)

\({1.34^{\ddagger}}\)

\({-14.78^{\ddagger}}\)

\({1.55^{\ddagger}}\)

Panel B: Top school

Daegu

\({58.42^{\ddagger}}\)

\({2.80^{\ddagger}}\)

    

Daejeon

\({73.47^{\ddagger}}\)

\({2.80^{\ddagger}}\)

\({23.81^{\ddagger}}\)

\({1.29^{\ddagger}}\)

  

Gwangju

\({222.98^{\ddagger}}\)

\({2.98^{\ddagger}}\)

\({104.37^{\ddagger}}\)

\({1.06^{\ddagger}}\)

\({104.37^{\ddagger}}\)

\({1.37^{\ddagger}}\)

  1. \(\ddagger\) indicates significance at the 1% level. Each test’s null hypothesis is that the two paired values are statistically identical (Rainio et al., 2024).