Fig. 2: Research input and performance. | Humanities and Social Sciences Communications

Fig. 2: Research input and performance.

From: Divergent pathways from autonomy to performance: talent strategies in top Chinese public research institutions

Fig. 2

The box plot presents the descriptive statistics of 58 Public Research Institutes (RI) and 39 Universities (U) pre- and post-reform. Panel a shows institutional size, b R&D expenditure, c external hiring, d internal incentivizing, e number of papers, and f number of ESI papers. Significance markers denote pre-post differences from paired t-tests (***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1).

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