Table 1 variable descriptions and descriptive statistics.
Label/Abbr | Variable | Source | Description | Mean | Min | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
REI | Renewable energy innovation | OECD statistical database (OECD, 2024). | Log (1+patent applications related to renewable energy) | 3.518 | 0.223 | 7.448 |
IPP | intellectual property protection | IPR index released by (Papageorgiadis et al. (2014) and Papageorgiadis & Sofka (2020) | Original value | 7.065 | 2.6 | 9.7 |
FDI | Foreign direct investment | WDI | Original value | 4.81 | −7.417 | 86.48 |
Fiscal | Fiscal policy | WDI | Original value | 19.2 | 10.42 | 27.93 |
Trade | Trade | WDI | Original value | 76.55 | 18.13 | 227.7 |
