Table 1 Benchmark regression results.

From: Market-incentive environmental regulation and total factor energy efficiency: evidence from China’s energy-consuming right trading pilot

Variables

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

TFEE

TFEE

TFEE

TFEE

TFEE

TFEE

TFEE

Treat×Post

0.069*

0.072*

0.082**

0.082**

0.074*

0.093**

0.073*

 

(0.041)

(0.041)

(0.040)

(0.040)

(0.040)

(0.041)

(0.041)

Open

 

0.130*

0.119*

0.092*

0.098*

0.100*

0.099*

  

(0.077)

(0.069)

(0.055)

(0.056)

(0.056)

(0.056)

Foreign

  

−0.036***

−0.032***

−0.032***

−0.030***

−0.040***

   

(0.011)

(0.011)

(0.011)

(0.011)

(0.011)

Density

   

−0.849***

−0.865***

−0.841**

−0.922***

    

(0.329)

(0.329)

(0.333)

(0.332)

Industry

    

−0.032

−0.032

−0.041

     

(0.024)

(0.024)

(0.026)

Finance

     

0.113

0.167

      

(0.112)

(0.126)

Economy

      

2.357*

       

(1.206)

Constant

−0.005

−0.028

0.395***

5.241***

5.367***

5.089***

0.0532

 

(0.010)

(0.017)

(0.124)

(1.857)

(1.861)

(1.912)

(3.165)

Obs.

3080

3080

3014

3014

3014

3014

3014

R-squared

0.694

0.694

0.704

0.705

0.705

0.705

0.706

City FE

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

Year FE

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

  1. ***, **, and * represent significance levels of 1%, 5%, and 10%, respectively. Robust standard errors after clustering are in the parentheses.