Fig. 3: A ceramic export album painting exhibiting geographical and technical inaccuracies.

The annotated details highlight the incongruous Lingnan-style architecture and the misrepresented “egg-shaped” kiln, underscoring the album’s nature as a commercial visual product rather than a faithful technical document. Source: Redrawn and annotated by the authors based on an original source reproduced in Lin YQ. Research on Qing Dynasty Porcelain Manufacturing Illustrations. Jingdezhen Ceramics. 2023;51(4):139–157.