Table 6 Robustness test (re-calibrating variables using thresholds of 93%, 50%, and 7%).

From: How does the digital economy affect carbon emissions in China? An analysis based on the perspective of the “space of flows”

Conditions			X	pop	tec	open	ins	er	ec	Rc	Uc	Con	Scov	Scon
2013	HC	A1	★	□	□	◇	◆	★	★	0.429	0.123	0.959	0.411	0.960
	HC	A2	★	☆	☆	□	◆	★	★	0.318	0.011	1.000	0.411	0.960
	~HC	A3	◇	◆	◇	□	★	☆	◆	0.312	0.087	0.943	0.487	0.963
		A4	□	◆	◇	★	★	☆	◆	0.237	0.006	0.952
		A5	◇	◆	◇	★	★	◇	☆	0.235	0.033	0.984
		A6	☆	◆	☆	☆	★	◇	◆	0.266	0.102	0.986
2020	HC	A7	★	★	★	☆	□	★	◇	0.327	0.110	0.954	0.598	0.932
		A8	★	★	★	◇	□	★	☆	0.296	0.040	0.982
		A9	◆	◆	◇	◇	◆	★	★	0.392	0.175	0.949
		A10	★	◆	◆	★	◆	★	★	0.210	0.002	0.960
	~HC	A11	☆	◆	◇	★	□	◇	◆	0.294	0.099	0.980	0.379	0.978
	~HC	A12	☆	◆	☆	★	☆	□	◆	0.280	0.086	0.973	0.379	0.978
2013	HC	B1	◆	☆	★	□	◆	◇	★	0.404	0.051	0.961	0.539	0.931
		B2	◆	☆	★	☆	◆	□	★	0.308	0.002	0.958
		B3	☆	★	□	◇	◆	★	☆	0.408	0.090	0.946
		B4	☆	□	★	◇	◇	★	☆	0.324	0.006	1.000
	~HC	B5	◇	◆	◆	◆	★	★	◆	0.291	0.096	0.951	0.488	0.970
		B6	◇	◆	◇	☆	☆	◆	☆	0.235	0.033	0.984
		B7	★	◆	☆	★	☆	◆	◆	0.278	0.109	0.987
		B8	★	◆	◇	★	☆	☆	◆	0.198	0.006	0.981
2020	HC	B9	★	★	★	☆	□	★	◇	0.327	0.110	0.954	0.602	0.933
		B10	★	★	★	◇	□	★	☆	0.296	0.040	0.982
		B11	◆	◆	◇	◇	◆	★	★	0.396	0.180	0.949
		B11	★	◆	◆	★	◆	★	★	0.210	0.002	0.960
		B12	☆	◆	◇	★	□	◇	◆	0.293	0.097	0.985
	~HC	B13	☆	◆	☆	★	☆	□	◆	0.277	0.082	0.977	0.375	0.981
	~HC	B14	☆	□	★	◇	◇	★	☆	0.266	0.006	1.000	0.375	0.981
2013	HC	C1	☆	☆	★	□	◇	★	☆	0.271	0.011	1.000	0.277	1.000
	HC	C2	◇	◆	◇	□	★	☆	◆	0.309	0.087	0.944	0.277	1.000
	~HC	C3	□	◆	◇	★	★	☆	◆	0.237	0.006	0.952	0.490	0.963
		C4	◇	◆	◇	★	★	◇	☆	0.234	0.035	0.987
		C5	☆	◆	☆	★	★	◇	◆	0.245	0.104	0.985
		C6	☆	★	★	☆	□	★	◇	0.311	0.116	0.952
2020	HC	C7	◆	◇	◇	◆	◆	★	☆	0.410	0.185	0.951	0.614	0.944
		C8	◆	★	★	◆	◆	★	☆	0.290	0.017	0.991
		C9	☆	★	★	◇	☆	★	☆	0.208	0.003	0.990
		C10	★	◆	□	★	★	◇	◇	0.275	0.034	0.988
	~HC	C11	★	◆	☆	★	★	□	◇	0.257	0.016	0.980	0.291	0.980
	~HC	C12	★	□	□	◇	◆	★	★	0.429	0.123	0.959	0.291	0.980

Note: ★ means core condition (present); ☆ means complementary condition (present); ♦ means core condition (absent); ♢ means complementary condition (absent); □ means “don’t care”. HC means high CE. ∼ indicates non-high (logical operator). Con means consistency; Rc means raw coverage; Uc means unique coverage; Scov means solution coverage; Scon means solution consistency. X represents DC, CC, and BC in paths A1-A11, B1-B14, and C1-12, respectively.

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Table 6 Robustness test (re-calibrating variables using thresholds of 93%, 50%, and 7%).

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