Table 9 Results of multilevel models examining the impact of agro-tourism integration levels on key livelihood capitals.

From: Agro-tourism integration and key livelihood capitals: multi-scale impacts on rural residents’ strategic choices in Western Sichuan ethnic villages

Dependent Variables

Fixed Effects(B)

Standard Error

P

Random Effects (τ²)

ICC

Per capita arable land

0.287

0.099

0.023

0.153*

0.319

Per capita grassland

8.177

3.192

0.146

5.217

0.148

Labor force ratio

-16.310

13.748

0.271

85.384*

0.184

Average education level of the labor force

-1.655

0.567

0.024

0.081*

0.193

Per capita annual household income

0.355

0.117

0.008

0.247*

0.213

Family savings

0.843

0.194

0.037

0.149*

0.182

  1. Note: τ² denotes variance component of the village-level random intercept; * p < 0.05. The ICC was calculated as τ² / (τ² + σ²), where τ² represents the variance of the random intercepts and σ² represents the residual variance. All models were estimated using Restricted Maximum Likelihood and included a random intercept at the village level (N = 30). Household-level sample size was n = 479 for all models.
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