Table 4 Climate change attitudes and behaviors scale.

From: Understanding the adaptive behaviors of farmers on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: a mixed-methods study on the mediating role of risk perception and the moderating effects of climate change benefits and self-efficacy

Variable

Item (5-point Likert scale: 1 = Strongly Disagree, 5 = Strongly Agree)

M

SD

Belief

(M = 16.20,SD = 2.9, α = .837)

Compared to the past, the climate conditions (precipitation and temperature) here have changed.

4.02

0.924

Compared to the past, there has been a reduction in snowfall and rainfall here.

4.14

0.872

Compared to the past, the temperature here has risen.

4.26

0.918

Compared to the past, we have experienced more droughts, dust storms, and other disasters.

3.78

0.817

Risk perception (M = 16.07,SD = 2.88,α = .897)

I am concerned that climate change will reduce the fertility of my land.

3.88

0.813

I am concerned that climate change will cause water shortages for my crops.

4.09

0.848

I am concerned that climate change will harm the crops here.

4.04

0.811

I am concerned that climate change will reduce our farmers’ income.

4.04

0.826

Benefits of climate change (M = 16.05,SD = 2.89,α = .867)

Climate change has brought some benefits to us plateau farmers.

4.02

0.772

Climate change allows us to grow more crops.

4.15

0.889

Climate change has increased the yield of our crops.

4.04

0.827

Climate change has increased the income of us plateau farmers.

3.83

0.925

Self-efficacy (M = 15.24,SD = 2.56,α = .821)

I believe that the measures I take (plastic greenhouses, mulching, changing planting dates, etc.) can mitigate the impact of climate change on agriculture.

3.87

0.750

I believe that the measures I take can mitigate the impact of insufficient rainfall on agriculture.

3.88

0.815

I believe that the measures I take can reduce the impact of natural disasters on agriculture.

3.75

0.809

My farming experience and agricultural knowledge can address the problems brought by climate change.

3.73

0.792

Adaptive behaviors (M = 24.919,SD = 4.615α = .916)

I change the planting dates according to the weather conditions.

4.29

0.988

I plant different crops according to the weather conditions.

4.23

0.953

I raise livestock (cattle, sheep, pigs, etc.) to increase family income.

3.89

0.955

I purchase agricultural insurance to reduce the losses brought by climate change.

3.86

0.892

I use plastic greenhouses/mulching to reduce the damage of climate change on crops.

4.22

0.874

I supplement family income through off-farm work.

4.43

0.824

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