Fig. 3: Theoretical calculation.

a The PDOS and b Comparison of adsorption energies of reaction intermediates for Fe2Co1/NC, Fe/NC, and Co/NC. c Charge density differences of NO3⁻ on Fe2Co1/NC. d The Gibbs free energy diagrams for NO3RR.

a The PDOS and b Comparison of adsorption energies of reaction intermediates for Fe2Co1/NC, Fe/NC, and Co/NC. c Charge density differences of NO3⁻ on Fe2Co1/NC. d The Gibbs free energy diagrams for NO3RR.