Table 4 Comparison of scale (≥1 g) and productivity of chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution of chiral amines

From: Scalable and sustainable synthesis of chiral amines by biocatalysis

Entry

Resolved amide

Yield

(%)a

e.e.

(%)b

Scale

(g)c

Time

(h)

STY

(gamide L−1 h−1)

Catalysts (quantity)

Ref.

1

89

95

1

1

1.42

5% Pd/γ-Al2O3 (200 mg)

Novozym-435 (1.7 g)

Hii48

2

83d

98

6.8

24 + 72e

0.32

Bäckvall56

3

81.6d

96

3

24 × 2e

2.40

Blacker30

4

92

99

1

1

15.4

5% Pd/γ-Al2O3 (200 mg),

Novozym 435 (1.7 g)

Hii48

5

80.1d

>99

73.2

12

20.6

5% Pd/AlOOH (27.5 g)

CALB (18.3 g)

Jia57

6

76

96

10

2.3

73.2

5% Pd/γ-Al2O3 (200 mg),

Novozym 435 (3 g)

This work

7

84

99

100

14

13.3

5% Pd/γ-Al2O3 (200 mg),

Novozym 435 (3 g)

This work

  1. aUnless otherwise stated, this was based on the amount of amine converted into amide (conversion × selectivity).
  2. bAmount of (rac)-amine employed in the reaction.
  3. cEnantiomeric excess. Determined by chiral HPLC.
  4. dAmount of (racemic) amine utilized in the reaction.
  5. eRecharge of catalyst (with or without additional acylating agent) was required during the reaction.
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