Table 2 Optimization for the synthesis of [Pd(IPr)(η3-cin)Cl] using aqueous ammonia

From: Ammonia as a weak base for continuous-flow synthesis of Au, Pd, and Cu-NHC heteroleptic chloro complexes

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Entrya

X1 [mmol/mL]

X2 [mol/L]

RT [min]

Conversionb [%]

1

0.03

0.09

2

62

2

0.03

0.09

4

85

3

0.03

0.30

2

90

4

0.06

0.60

2

100

5

0.06

0.60

1

100 (94c)

  1. aReaction condition: IPr·HCl (0.09 mmol) and [Pd(η³-cin)(μ-Cl)]₂ (0.045 mmol) were dissolved in the desired amount of acetone to have the concentration of X1. X1 is based on that of IPr·HCl in the solution. RT = 25 °C.
  2. bConversions were calculated based on 1H NMR analysis.
  3. cIsolated yield for the scale of 0.18 mmol of IPr·HCl.
  4. Bold: optimized or best conditions.
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