Table 4 Optimization for the synthesis of [Cu(IPr)Cl] using aqueous ammonia

From: Ammonia as a weak base for continuous-flow synthesis of Au, Pd, and Cu-NHC heteroleptic chloro complexes

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Entrya

X1 [mmol/mL]

X2 [mol/L]

RT [min]

Conversionb [%]

1c

0.03

0.3

2

41

2d

0.20

2.0

2

84 (75e)

3d

0.20

1.0

2

78

4d

0.20

4.0

2

74

5d

0.20

2.0

4

84

  1. aReaction condition: IPr·HCl (0.09 mmol) and CuCl or [Cu(DMS)Cl] (0.09 mmol) were dissolved in the desired amount of acetone to have the concentration of X1. RT = 25 °C.
  2. bConversions were calculated based on 1H NMR analysis.
  3. cCuCl was used as a copper source.
  4. d[Cu(DMS)Cl] was used as a copper source.
  5. eIsolated yield for the scale of 0.18 mmol of IPr·HCl.
  6. Bold: optimized or best conditions.
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