Extended Data Fig. 10: HCC cells-derived lactate induces lipid peroxidation-ALDH2 pathway in TAMs.
a, The lactate concentrations in TCM from MHCC-97H cells and Hepa1-6 cells. b, The mRNA levels of ALDH2 in RAW264.7 cells after treatment with lactate (10 mM). c–e, The effect of lactate on the MDA levels (c) and the lipid peroxidation levels (d) in RAW264.7 cells. Quantitation of the lipid peroxidation levels are shown in e. Scale bar, 20 μm. f, The levels of ROS in RAW264.7 cells after treatment with lactate. Intracellular ROS levels were measured with DCFH-DA. g, h, The mRNA levels of ALDH2 (g) and the levels of MDA (h) were determined in RAW264.7 cells after treatment with lactate and NAC (5 mM). i, j, The mRNA levels of NOX1 and NOX2 in THP-1 cell-derived MΦs (i) or RAW264.7 cells (j) after treatment with lactate. Data are shown as mean ± s.d. of triplicate experiments (b, g, i, j), mean ± s.d. of three biologically independent cell cultures (a, c, h), mean ± s.d. of six biologically independent cell cultures (f), or mean ± s.d. of 5 representative pictures from three biologically independent cell cultures (e). P values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (g, h) or unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-tests (b, c, e, f, i, j). ns, not significant.
