Fig. 1: IPA reprograms energy metabolism of human T cells.
a, Schematic diagram showing the metabolic screening process from Jurkat T cell line to human PBMCs. Created with BioRender.com. b, Schematic diagram showing the protocol of human PBMCs treated with IPA in basal and CD3/CD28 Dynabeads activation state. Created with BioRender.com. c,d, t-SNE (t-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding) analysis of PBMC subsets and puromycin-ATP synthesis signal in control (Con, c) and CD3/CD28 groups (d). e, Metabolic profile of distinct subsets in PBMCs, including CD4+, CD8+, DN+ T cells, B cells and HLA-DR+ antigen-presenting cells induced by IPA (10, 100 and 1,000 μM) in basal conditions. n = 7 donors per group. f, Bar chart indicating CD3/CD28 activation highly increased total ATP synthesis in lymphocyte subsets in PBMCs. n = 6 donor per group. g, Metabolic profile of distinct lymphocyte subsets in PBMCs, including CD4+, CD8+ and DN+ T cells induced by IPA (10, 100 and 1,000 μM) in a CD3/CD28 activation state. n = 3–6 donors per group. Each point represents an independent donor with value below 0 or above 100 are excluded from the analysis. Data represent mean ± s.e.m. analysed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s correction for multiple comparisons (e,g) and mean ± s.e.m. analysed by two-tailed Student’s t-test (f). NS, not significant.
