Fig. 1: Spatial mismatch between solid waste generation and co-consumption capacity in the BTH urban agglomeration.

Waste generation amount in each iron and steel plant (a), thermal power plant (b), and municipal facility (c); waste co-consumption capacity in each cement plant (d); and the excess capacity of each city in dealing with solid waste across sectors (e). The excess capacity of each city in dealing with solid waste across sectors is measured by the gap between the intra-city co-consumption capacity and the total solid waste output. The asterisk indicates that the city has a surplus of local waste co-consumption capacity. The base map was adapted from the National Platform for Common Geospatial Information Services (https://www.tianditu.gov.cn/?4).