Extended Data Fig. 4: Elimination of batch effect for serum immune protein data.
. Immune protein data from serum samples were subjected to normalization and batch correction procedures (See Methods) to ensure data from different sources can be combined and used as a whole. a, Spearman correlation between immune protein features and batch ID shows a strong dependency of data source on top 4 components (raw data, green line), which reaches a steady state after component 5. Data normalization and batch correction removes batch effect as indicated by lower mean absolute Spearman correlation between all features and batch id (blue line), which indicates impossibility to distinguish sample source from corrected data. b, Upper panel: immune protein expression heatmap of uncorrected data, Lower panel: immune protein expression heatmap of corrected data. The two batches come from two study cohorts, the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study (CFS) and Aging and vaccination study cohort (Flu).
