Extended Data Fig. 3: Intracellular cytokines secretion by SARS-CoV-2 exposed or vaccinated subjects upon spike-specific or CD3-specific stimulation, respectively.
From: Signs of immunosenescence correlate with poor outcome of mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in older adults
Intracellular IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α cytokines secretion by (a) CD4 + and (b) CD8 + T cells in response to S stimulation in 41–65 (red; n = 12) and ≥66 (grey; n = 9) years SARS-CoV-2 exposed subjects, 50–100 days post SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cytokines production by (c) CD4 + (upper) and (d) CD8 + (lower) T cells from vaccinated subjects and stimulated via CD3 engagement (n = 63). Spike- and CD3-specific responses were analysed on non-naïve T cells. Each dot represents a single study subject and horizontal lines indicate medians. P values were determined by two-tailed Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparison correction (3 age groups comparison) or Mann-Whitney for comparison of two groups; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; ns: not significant; yr: years.
