Fig. 4: The age-dependent length-associated transcriptome imbalance is responsive to several antiaging interventions.
From: Aging is associated with a systemic length-associated transcriptome imbalance
a, Share of the 11 antiaging interventions of the Intervention Testing Program26 tested that reduced the relative fold decrease of long transcripts with aging. NS, not statistically significant at the P < 0.01 level following two-sided Mann–Whitney U test. b, Transcript length for genes reported to be differentially expressed in Ames mice90 for liver in an analysis including 3-, 6-, 12- and 24-month-old animals. c, FGF21 excess for adipose tissue and skeletal muscle following exposure of rhesus macaques to FGF21 (ref. 86). d, Rapamycin findings reported by Martinez-Nunez et al.91 for HEK293 cells following exposure, reported by Flynn et al.87 for hearts of 24-month-old mice following 3 months of exposure, and reported by Mattson et al.92 for cytotoxic T cells following 3 months of exposure. e, Transcript length for genes reported to be differentially expressed in Snell mice93 for brown adipose tissue. f, Deletion of ribosomal S6 protein kinase 1 (S6K1)94 for 600-day-old female mice. g, Relative fold changes of transcripts in retinal ganglion cells of 12-month-old mice compared to 5-month-old mice28. h, Retinal ganglion cells of 12-month-old mice following ectopic expression of Pou5f1, Sox2 and Klf4 (ref. 28). In b–h, the box plots of the lengths of transcripts show a relative fold decrease (decr.) or relative fold increase (incr.) upon exposure (for details of ref. 87, see the Methods). In the box plots, the center is the median, notches indicate bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals of the median, bounds of boxes are the 25% and 75% percentiles, whiskers extend up to 1.5 times the height of the box, minima and maxima are the observed minima and maxima. Black dots indicate observations if the number of genes ≤ 10. We estimated P values with two-sided Mann–Whitney U tests. n indicates the number of genes with a relative fold decrease and relative fold increase. The notches display bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals of transcript length (Extended Data Fig. 8).
