Fig. 1: Cellular susceptibility to ALS–FTD in the human postmortem cortex.

a, Diagram of the workflow for isolation of nuclei from cortices of patients with ALS and age-matched controls followed by snRNAseq and assessment of expression of gene modules associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Exc, excitatory neurons; Inh, inhibitory neurons; Oligo, oligodendrocytes; OPCs, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells; Micro, microglia; Astro, astrocytes; Endo, endothelial cells. b–d, tSNE projections and violin plots of z-scores for expression of genes associated with ALS–FTD (b), AD (c) and MS (d) in the different cell types identified (the bars denote median for each side of the violin and the symbols indicate the average score per individual). e–g, tSNE projections and violin plots of z-scores for expression of genes associated with the ALS–FTD (e), AD (f) and MS (g) in the different subtypes of excitatory neurons (the bars denote median for each side of the violin and the symbols indicate the average score per individual) (in a–g, n = 3 control individuals and n = 5 patients with sALS).