Extended Data Fig. 3: Age-enhanced selection on ND1 mutations also occurs in F1 females.
(a) Correlation of F2 pup mutation loads (n = 186) with F1 female maternal mutation loads (n = 7), by litter. Different litters are color-coded. The y = x line shows expected transmission without selection, while y=ax+b is the linear regression of the mutation loads of F2 pups from different F1 females but produced in the same litter order. (b) Relationship between F1 female maternal age at conception and F2 pup normalized mutation load. Data are median ± 95% CI, with p-values from Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s comparison. (c) Litter sizes of F1 females with varying mutation loads. Different colors indicate distinct litters. (d) Mutation load in M2 oocytes from F1 mothers at various ages. Data shown as median ± 95% CI; p-value via Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s post hoc analysis. (e-f) Sperm counts (E) and sperm motility (F) from WT and ND1 mutant males at 24 weeks of age. Data are mean ± SEM. WT group n = 3; 77–79% mutation load group n = 3. Data are mean ± SEM; with p-values from two-tailed unpaired t-test.
