Table 3 Comparison of α-diversity between CF and controls overall, and stratified in groups regarding first RTI and first antibiotic treatment

From: Early nasal microbiota and subsequent respiratory tract infections in infants with cystic fibrosis

Antibiotic treatment

RTI

CF N; swabs

Controls N; swabs

Mean SDI CF/Controls

Estimate (Controls)b

95% CIb

P valueb

All

All

50; 933

30; 578

2.124/1.927

−0.20

−0.320, −0.064

0.0032

Before

All

46; 539

30; 559

1.976/1.916

−0.08

−0.228, 0.065

0.277

All

Before

48; 435

30; 357

2.044/1.999

0.009

−0.169, 0.187

0.925

Aftera

Before

13; 75

30; 357

2.369/1.999

−0.405

−0.684, −0.125

0.005

Before

After

20; 135

19; 162

1.929/1.723

−0.168

−0.433, 0.097

0.220

  1. RTI respiratory tract infection, CF cystic fibrosis, SDI Shannon-Diversity Index, CI confidence interval, All all samples were included irrespective of antibiotic treatment or RTI, Before/After only samples before or after the first antibiotic treatment or RTI were included.
  2. aCF infants after antibiotic treatment and before RTI were compared with control individuals before RTI.
  3. bGamm model corrected for breastfeeding, siblings, mode of delivery, antibiotic treatment, season (fixed effects), age in weeks (smooth term), and subject (random effect).
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