Table 1 Study population

From: Multi-layered deep immune profiling, SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia and inflammation in unvaccinated COVID-19 individuals with persistent symptoms

 

EPS +  (n = 38)

EPS– (n = 10)

P value EPS+ vs EPS–*

Age, years [median (IQR)]

60 (53–66)

51 (30–63)

0.112

Sex [n (%)]

  

0.292

 Male

18 (47.4)

7 (70)

 

 Female

20 (52.6)

3 (30)

 

Comorbidities [n (%)]

 Any comorbidity

22 (57.9)

4 (40)

0.478

 Hypertension

16 (42.1)

1 (10)

0.074

 Chronic heart disease

4 (10.5)

1 (10)

>0.999

 Chronic pulmonary disease

2 (5.3)

2 (20)

0.187

 Chronic kidney disease

1 (2.6)

0 (0)

>0.999

 Diabetes

4 (10.5)

0 (0)

0.567

 Neurologic disease

1 (2.6)

0 (0)

>0.999

 History of cancer

3 (7.9)

0 (0)

>0.999

 Obesity (BMI > 30)

10 (26.3)

3 (30)

>0.999

Smoke [n (%)]

  

0.459

 Yes

15 (39.5)

2 (20)

 

 No

23 (60.5)

8 (80)

 

Symptoms at hospital admission [n (%)]

 Fever

35 (92.1)

10 (100)

>0.999

 Arthromyalgia

4 (10.5)

3 (30)

0.147

 Fatigue

30 (79)

8 (80)

>0.999

 Anosmia/dysgeusia

25 (65.8)

4 (40)

0.164

 Sore throat

1 (2.6)

2 (20)

0.106

 Cough

26 (68.4)

7 (70)

>0.999

 Chest pain

2 (5.3)

2 (20)

0.187

 Dyspnea

35 (92.1)

6 (60)

0.027

 Vomiting/nausea

1 (2.6)

2 (20)

0.106

 Diarrhea

6 (15.8)

2 (20)

0.666

Duration of symptoms before hospital admission, days [median (IQR)]

7 (5–10)

11 (4.5–15.5)

0.144

Long-COVID follow-up from symptoms onset, months [median (IQR)]

3.5 (3-4)

3 (–3-5.2)

0.981

Virologic clearance from hospital admission, days [median (IQR)]

31 (24-46)

29 (14-33)

0.134

Radiologically documented pneumonia [n (%)]

36 (94.7)

9 (90)

0.512

Maximum oxygen therapy [n (%)]

  

0.577

 None

2 (5.3)

1 (10)

 

 Low-flow systems

14 (36.8)

5 (50)

 

 CPAP/NIV/OTI

22 (57.9)

4 (40)

 

Follow-up symptoms

Number of symptoms [n (%)]

 1

14 (36.8)

-

-

 2

12 (31.6)

-

-

 3

9 (23.7)

-

-

 4

2 (5.3)

-

-

Fatigue [n (%)]

27 (71.1)

-

-

Dyspnea [n (%)]

16 (42.1)

-

-

Anosmia/dysgeusia [n (%)]

4 (10.5)

-

-

Diarrhea [n (%)]

3 (7.9)

-

-

Pain [n (%)]

11 (28.9)

-

-

Mnestic disorders [n (%)]

12 (31.6)

-

-

  1. IQR interquartile range, BMI body mass index (kg/m2), CPAP continuous positive airway pressure, NIV noninvasive ventilation, OTI orotracheal intubation. *Statistical analyses: Mann–Whitney U test, Fisher exact test or Chi-square, as appropriate; bold: statistically significant.
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