Table 1 Summary of Bayesian model-averaged meta-analysis of grammatical impairment in schizophrenia spectrum disorders
From: Relationship between grammar and schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Syntactic domain | n | N PwSz, Controls | Cohen’s d (BMA:95% CrI) | BF10 for H1 | Heterogeneity Tau (95% CrI) | BFrf for RE | Significant Moderator effect (s.e.) | lnCVR (BMA:95% CrI) | ROBMA BF10 for publication bias & mean difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Syntactic comprehension | 16 | 530/400 | 1.01 [0.85, 1.19] | 220 ×105 Extreme | 0.18 [0.04, 0.42] | 1.08 Weak | None | 0.41 [0.11, 0.71] | Weak publ. bias (1.53) Extreme effect (244) |
Error detection | 6 | 170/134 | 0.91 [0.60, 1.19] | 303 Extreme | 0.21 [0.04, 0.61] | 1.01 Weak | None | 0.25 [−0.52, 0.96] | No publ. bias (0.72) Strong effect (23.0) |
Production length | 17 | 646/614 | 0.84 [0.63, 1.04] | 460 ×103 Extreme | 0.31 [0.15, 0.53] | 313.75 Extreme | None | 0.13 [0.00, 0.25] | Weak publ. bias (2.78) Strong effect (7.78) |
Phrasal complexity | 16 | 489/325 | 0.63 [0.46, 0.81] | 335 ×102 Extreme | 0.20 [0.05, 0.45] | 1.78 Weak | None | 0.29 [0.03, 0.56] | Weak publ. bias (1.41) Moderate effect (3.52) |
Production integrity | 11 | 368/303 | 0.73 [0.49, 0.99] | 1258 Extreme | 0.27 [0.06, 0.60] | 4.67 Strong | Quality 0.31 (0.12) P = 0.009 | 0.12 [−0.08, 0.32] | No publ. bias (0.96) Strong effect (9.95) |
Global complexity | 13 | 335/246 | 0.65 [0.39, 0.92] | 362 Extreme | 0.35 [0.14, 0.65] | 54.86 Very Strong | Agea 0.04 (0.01) p = 0.008 | 0.22 [−0.01, 0.43] | Weak publ. bias (1.06) Moderate effect (4.42) |
