Table 2 Sleep characteristics among the 2667 participants according to identified multidimensional sleep clusters

From: Multidimensional sleep profiles via machine learning and risk of dementia and cardiovascular disease

 

Active Healthy Sleepers

(n = 1707)

Fragmented Poor Sleepers

(n = 376)

Long and Frequent Nappers

(n = 584)

   

Sleep variables

Median (IQR)

Median (IQR)

Median (IQR)

Effect size (η2)

p-valuec

Post hocd

Variables used to create the clusters

Alphaa

−0.40 (−0.50;−0.28)

−0.35 (−0.46;−0.22)

−0.09 (−0.25;0.10)

0.213

<2.2e-16

LFN > FPS > AHS

Minimuma

234 (3;385)

521 (265;756)

588 (330;781)

0.193

<2.2e-16

FPS,LFN > AHS

Wake After Sleep Onset

61 (42;85)

126 (97;159)

65 (43;93)

0.188

<2.2e-16

FPS > AHS,LFN

Minutes Napping

34 (16;60)

31 (13;53)

79 (48;127)

0.160

<2.2e-16

LFN > AHS,FPS

Sleep Latency

18 (11;30)

53 (31;96)

19 (11;32)

0.157

<2.2e-16

FPS > AHS,LFN

SD Sleep Onset

0.57 (0.37;0.83)

1.14 (0.80;1.64)

0.58 (0.37;0.90)

0.131

<2.2e-16

FPS > AHS,LFN

Acrophasea

14.38 (13.77;14.98)

14.69 (13.89;15.57)

13.51 (12.90;14.16)

0.114

<2.2e-16

FPS > AHS > LFN

Total Sleep Duration

400 (362;438)

336 (273;395)

381 (342;424)

0.074

<2.2e-16

AHS > LFN > FPS

Pseudo-Fa

1078 (781;1421)

861 (637;1169)

805 (558;1109)

0.065

<2.2e-16

AHS > FPS > LFN

Time in Bed

489 (453;524)

530 (482;570)

475 (440;514)

0.056

<2.2e-16

FPS > AHS > LFN

Start of M10b

8.2 (7.3;9.2)

8.7 (7.7;10.1)

7.6 (6.9;8.6)

0.039

<2.2e-16

FPS > AHS > LFN

Sleep Onset Time

23.1 (22.4;23.7)

23.7 (22.7;24.9)

23.4 (22.8;24.1)

0.037

<2.2e-16

FPS > LFN > AHS

Intradaily variability (IV)b

0.60 (0.48;0.72)

0.63 (0.51;0.77)

0.70 (0.54;0.85)

0.037

<2.2e-16

LFN > FPS > AHS

Wake-Up Time

6.9 (6.2;7.5)

7.5 (6.6;8.1)

6.9 (6.4;7.5)

0.028

<2.2e-16

FPS > AHS,LFN

SD Wake-Up Time

0.56 (0.37;0.80)

0.72 (0.44;1.16)

0.49 (0.31;0.77)

0.027

<2.2e-16

FPS > AHS > LFN

Interdaily stability (IS)b

0.76 (0.69;0.82)

0.72 (0.64;0.79)

0.73 (0.66;0.80)

0.021

1.59e-13

AHS > FPS,LFN

Mesora

2102 (1850;2359)

2170 (1863;2433)

2257 (1893;2678)

0.020

2.0e-12

LFN > FPS > AHS

Start of L5b

0.23 (−0.70;1.13)

0.73 (−0.38;1.97)

0.55 (−0.27;1.35)

0.016

1.59e-10

FPS,LFN > AHS

Midpoint of L5b

2.73 (1.80;3.63)

3.23 (2.12;4.47)

3.05 (2.23;3.85)

0.016

1.59e-10

FPS,LFN > AHS

Betaa

8.03 (4.89;17.02)

8.59 (5.02;20.14)

12.33 (4.43;40.20)

0.007

1.79e-05

LFN > AHS,FPS

Other variables

Sleep Efficiency

83 (77;87)

64 (54;72)

82 (75;87)

0.218

<2.2e-16

AHS > LFN > FPS

Down-Mesora

22.0 (21.1;22.8)

22.0 (21.0;23.1)

19.9 (18.9;20.9)

0.202

<2.2e-16

AHS,FPS > LFN

Sleep Maintenance

87 (82;91)

71 (62;79)

85 (79;90)

0.190

<2.2e-16

AHS > LFN > FPS

Relative amplitude (RA)b

0.86 (0.82;0.90)

0.77 (0.68;0.81)

0.84 (0.78;0.88)

0.169

<2.2e-16

AHS > LFN > FPS

Number of Naps

2.5 (1.3;4.3)

2.3 (1.1;3.8)

5.5 (3.5;8.5)

0.167

<2.2e-16

LFN > AHS,FPS

L5b

292 (217;383)

525 (414;682)

323 (232;442)

0.164

<2.2e-16

FPS > LFN > AHS

SD Midpoint (Onset interval)

0.45 (0.30;0.63)

0.75 (0.53;1.05)

0.43 (0.27;0.68)

0.089

<2.2e-16

FPS > AHS,LFN

Midpoint of M10b

13.2 (12.3;14.2)

13.7 (12.7;15.1)

12.6 (11.9;13.6)

0.039

<2.2e-16

FPS > AHS > LFN

Midpoint (Onset Interval)

2.92 (2.37;3.48)

3.48 (2.68;4.36)

3.09 (2.57;3.65)

0.038

<2.2e-16

FPS > LFN > AHS

Amplitudea

3712 (3154;4280)

3294 (2611;3894)

3250 (2591;4125)

0.038

<2.2e-16

AHS > FPS,LFN

Up-Mesora

6.9 (6.3;7.5)

7.4 (6.6;8.1)

7.0 (6.5;7.9)

0.028

<2.2e-16

FPS > LFN > AHS

SD Midpoint (Bed interval)

0.43 (0.30;0.61)

0.58 (0.37;0.87)

0.40 (0.25;0.63)

0.026

3.06e-16

FPS > AHS,LFN

M10b

4049 (3543;4534)

3884 (3370;4406)

3736 (3111;4332)

0.023

3.49e-14

AHS > FPS > LFN

SD Bed Time

0.51 (0.33;0.75)

0.68 (0.41;1.01)

0.51 (0.31;0.83)

0.020

1.36e-12

FPS > AHS,LFN

Bed Time

22.7 (22.1;23.4)

22.6 (21.8;23.5)

23.0 (22.4;23.7)

0.017

3.09e-11

LFN > AHS,FPS

Midpoint (Bed Interval)

2.79 (2.24;3.33)

2.95 (2.30;3.73)

2.97 (2.44;3.52)

0.011

1.61e-07

FPS,LFN > AHS

Time from Onset to Wake-Up

460 (423;495)

453 (387;508)

444 (409;484)

0.009

1.23e-06

AHS > LFN

  1. Abbreviations: AHS Active healthy sleepers, FPS Fragmented poor sleepers, LFN Long and frequent nappers, IQR interquartile range. a computed from extended cosine model; b nonparametric measures; c Kruskal-Wallis test was used; d Dunn test adjusted for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni method was used.
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