Fig. 2: Clinical variables characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus correlate with changes in the metabolome and lipidome.

A Central network plot showing the variables most associated via Spearman’s rho with hematological parameters measured in the study participants. Negative associations are labeled in blue and positive associations are labeled in red, while line thickness denotes the relative size of Spearman’s rho. B Schematic depicting metabolites which contribute to and are generated by the TCA cycle and urea cycle. C Correlation matrix of metabolites, lipids, and clinical variables across all studied specimens. Metabolites involved in energy and redox metabolism, as well as lipid metabolism, were highlighted as key correlates within this analysis. D–G Spearman rho correlation plots assessing the variables most correlated with D clinical measurements of creatinine (g/dL); E clinical glucose measurements (mg/dL); F ketonemia; G base excess. H Heat maps of the fatty acids and acyl-carnitines in red blood cells collected at initial diagnosis (0 d) and after 14 days (14 d) of insulin therapy. I Heat maps of the fatty acids and acyl-carnitines in plasma, collected at initial diagnosis (0 d) and after 14 days (14 d) of insulin therapy. Carnitines and fatty acids are presented by increasing the acyl chain length.