Fig. 3: Impact of Bacillus spore nasal spray on viral-bacterial loads and their correlation in pediatric RSV pneumonia.

Reducing-fold levels (2^△Ct) of RSV load (a), total co-infecting bacterial concentration (b), H. influenzae load (c), and S. pneumoniae load (d) in nasopharyngeal samples of Control and Navax groups at day 3 compared to day 0. The differences in the associations between reduced RSV load and reduced total bacterial co-infection concentrations (e), reduced RSV load and reduced H. influenzae (f), and reduced RSV load and reduced S. pneumoniae (g) were confirmed using the energy test. The median differences for these indicators between the two groups were calculated using the Mann–Whitney test. Median values with 95% CI for each group and the median difference between the two groups are shown in panels (a–d). All analyses were considered significant at p < 0.05. Sample size: n = 50 biologically independent samples in the Control group and n = 51 in the Navax group.