Table 3 Associations between meal timing (in hours) and mortality using mixed-effects Cox regression models

From: Meal timing trajectories in older adults and their associations with morbidity, genetic profiles, and mortality

 

Model 1

Model 2

 

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

p value

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

p value

Time of breakfast

1.11 (1.03, 1.18)

0.010

1.08 (1, 1.17)

0.050

Time of lunch

1.05 (0.95, 1.15)

0.300

1.05 (0.94, 1.15)

0.390

Time of dinner

1.03 (0.97, 1.09)

0.350

1.05 (0.99, 1.12)

0.120

Midpoint of eating

1.06 (0.99, 1.13)

0.084

1.07 (1, 1.15)

0.052

Interval from wake up to breakfast

1.05 (0.96, 1.14)

0.310

1.05 (0.95, 1.15)

0.340

Interval from dinner to bed

0.98 (0.93, 1.03)

0.450

0.76 (−1.96, 1.96)

>0.999

Daily eating window

0.97 (0.93, 1.02)

0.410

1.00 (0.95, 1.05)

0.910

  1. Results are presented as hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Model 1 only adjusted for sex as a time-independent variable and age as a time-dependent variable, whereas Model 2 additionally included time-independent variables such as socioeconomic status and education level, and time-dependent variables such as sleep duration, smoking status, and alcohol consumption.
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