Fig. 3: LAX-BP assessment provides accuracy comparable to cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and sensitively detects rapid left ventricle (LV) remodeling in TAC mice.

a The LV internal diameter at end-diastole (LVDD) and diastolic (-d) thickness of LV anterior (LVAW) and posterior (LVPW) walls were measured in TAC mice pre-operation (Pre-Op), and at 1 (1WK) and 4 weeks (4WK) post-TAC surgery using PSAX M-Mode assays. b, c With comparable heart rates maintained among all anesthetized TAC mice (n = 9), LV function, including heart rate (HR), ejection fraction (EF), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), end-diastolic volume (EDV), and end-systolic volume (ESV), of TAC mice (n = 9) was evaluated before and after surgery with both PSAX M-mode and the LAX-BP echocardiogram. d CMR validation in 3 TAC mice at 4 weeks post TAC showed that LAX-BP and CMR provided comparable assessments, while M-mode significantly overestimated both EDV and ESV. e Bland-Altman plot assays for EDV and ESV in 6 normal (empty circles) and 3 TAC (filled squares) mice showed that LAX-BP exhibits a higher agreement with CMR, compared to M-mode. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Student’s t tests with multiple testing adjustments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 ****P < 0.0001 versus the Pre-Op group; ^#P < 0.05 versus TAC-1WK group; ^{& & &}P < 0.001 ^{& & & &}P < 0.0001, M-mode vs. LAX-BP, NS indicates no significance. Supplementary Table 2 provides the detailed statistical analyses.