Fig. 4: Enhanced A4CLAX doppler imaging reveals restrictive filling patterns and mitral regurgitation in Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) Mice. | Communications Medicine

Fig. 4: Enhanced A4CLAX doppler imaging reveals restrictive filling patterns and mitral regurgitation in Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) Mice.

From: Advanced 4-chamber echocardiography techniques enable clinically matched precise characterization of heart disease progression in mice

Fig. 4

a Diagram and waveform recordings of A4CLAX-view Pulsed Wave Doppler (PWD) of the mitral valve (MV) in mouse hearts (n = 4) illustrate data from pre-operation (Pre-Op), 1-week (1WK) and 4-week (4WK) post-TAC surgery, highlighting ejection time (ET), early and late diastolic MV inflow velocity (E and A waves), E/A ratio, E wave deceleration, and E wave deceleration time, showing high LV filling patterns. b Speckle tracking-based strain analyses from both PLAX and A4CLAX views (n = 8) revealed a rapid decrease in LV wall strain in TAC mice as early as 1WK post-TAC. c Diagram and A4CLAX-view Tissue Doppler (TD) images at the mitral annulus (n = 4) show changes in early and late diastolic myocardial tissue motion peak velocity (E’ and A’ waves) and E/E’ ratio, suggesting LV stiffening. d Color Doppler images and diagrams of cardiac cycle blood flow pre- and post-TAC, demonstrating diastolic turbulent inflow and mitral regurgitation in TAC mice. e Calculations of MV pressure half time (PHT) and MV Area (n = 4), consistent with MR seen in color doppler. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Student’s t tests with multiple testing adjustments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, versus the Pre-Op group; #P < 0.05, versus the 1WK group. Supplementary Table 4 provides the detailed statistical analyses.

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