Fig. 1: Forest plot comparing the effect of prenatal genocide exposure (vs. control) and epigenetic age acceleration across first and fourth generation epigenetic clocks.

Comparison of effect sizes (standardized mean difference in age acceleration) and 95% confidence intervals across epigenetic age estimators and exposure groups (double exposed, n = 30, single exposed n = 31, control, n = 30). A Model 1 showing forest plots for single exposed and double exposed individuals, adjusted for sex and cell type. B Model 2 showing forest plots for single exposed and double exposed individuals, adjusted for sex, cell type, and ACEs.