Table 4 Association between COVID-19 vaccination (doses prior to infection) and changes in QoL (mixed-effects model)

From: Optimizing the schedule of BNT162b2 COVID-19 against long COVID and associated quality of life losses

Variable

n

Whole cohort

n

Participants reporting post-COVID symptoms

  

Unadjusted change in utility score (percentage points)

95% CI

p value

Adjusted change in utility score

95% CI

p value

 

Unadjusted change in utility score (percentage points)

95% CI

p value

Adjusted change in utility score

95% CI

p value

Doses prior to infection

0-doses (baseline)

473

      

145

      

Vaccinated after infection

574

−0.017

[−0.048, 0.015]

0.304

−0.01

[−0.04, 0.03]

0.740

196

0.05

[−0.02, 0.11]

0.182

0.07

[−0.01, 0.14]

0.070

1-dose prior to infection

185

0.027

[−0.01, 0.07]

0.188

0.05

[−0.01, 0.10]

0.076

52

0.22

[0.13, 0.32]

<0.001

0.25

[0.13, 0.37]

<0.001

2-doses prior to infection

356

0.054

[0.02, 0.09]

0.003

0.06

[0.02, 0.10]

0.008

96

0.19

[0.11, 0.27]

<0.001

0.16

[0.07, 0.26]

0.001

3-doses prior to infection

645

0.064

[0.032, 0.10]

<0.001

0.07

[0.03, 0.11]

<0.001

144

0.22

[0.13, 0.29]

<0.001

0.22

[0.13, 0.31]

<0.001

Duration (days)

1680

<−0.01

[<−0.01, <0.01]

0.584

<−0.01

[<−0.01, <0.01]

0.690

633

<0.01

[<−0.01, <0.01]

0.110

<0.01

[<−0.01, <0.01]

0.157

Age categories

18–30

188

      

65

      

31–50

749

−0.03

[−0.8, 0.02]

0.218

−0.04

[−0.09, 0.01]

0.079

259

−0.04

[−0.14, 0.06]

0.390

−0.042

[−0.14, 0.06]

0.403

51–70

658

−0.05

[−0.10, <0.01]

0.052

−0.07

[−0.12, −0.02]

0.007

152

−0.19

[−0.30, −0.09]

<0.001

−0.182

[−0.30, −0.07]

0.001

71+

686

−0.05

−0.10, <−0.01

0.046

−0.11

[−0.19, −0.04]

0.002

166

−0.10

[−0.02, 0.01]

0.073

−0.248

[−0.43, −0.07]

0.007

Sex

1625

0.011

[−0.01, 0.03]

0.187

0.02

[<−0.01, 0.03]

0.044

482

−0.03

[−0.07, 0.01]

0.104

−0.012

[−0.05, 0.03]

0.524

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