Fig. 1: Challenges to CMR accessibility and AI Integration in SSA.

a Overview of structural barriers to CMR imaging in SSA, highlighting infrastructure limitations, maintenance challenges, and limited human resources. b Conceptual overview illustrating how limited access to CMR imaging modalities contributes to the high burden of CHD in SSA, while also highlighting the potential of AI to reduce this burden and expand accessibility to care. c Overview of challenges associated with AI integration in CMR imaging, including data scarcity, infrastructure limitations, and competing health priorities2,9,34,39.