Fig. 3: The same 16-year-old female patient described in Fig. 2 underwent comprehensive 3D virtual segmentation, which provided enhanced anatomical clarity and spatial understanding.

The left panel shows the STL-based 3D anatomical model, while the right panel illustrates blood-pool segmentations of the ventricles and great vessels, with the red and green regions representing intracavitary blood pools for clear visualization of chamber spaces. The 3D colored models are presented as sequential views, collectively demonstrating the interventricular septal defect and its relationship with the great arteries. These imaging-based insights, building upon the prior detailed CMR findings, facilitated surgical planning and allowed the team to proceed with a successful Rastelli-type biventricular repair. This reversed the earlier consensus by multiple teams that the patient was unsuitable for biventricular correction. CMR cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.