Table 1 Baseline characteristics of MASLD patients according to cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages in NHANES III cohort

From: Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is associated with increased mortality in individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)

 

Overall N = 2159

Stage 1 N = 335

Stage 2 N = 1667

Stages 3 and 4 N = 157

P-value1

Age, years

43 (32, 59)

33 (27, 42)**

44 (34, 59)##

63 (55, 68)††

5.31E-55

Male (%)

1048 (48.5)

167 (49.9)

805 (48.3)

76 (48.4)

0.872

Poverty income ratio

1.84 (0.98, 3.13)

1.85 (1.00, 3.00)

1.84 (0.98, 3.13)

1.77 (0.90, 3.19)

0.974

Ethnicity (%)

    

0.056

Non-Hispanic white

767 (35.5)

114 (34.0)

599 (35.9)

54 (34.4)

 

Non-Hispanic black

491 (22.7)

92 (27.5)

359 (21.5)

40 (25.5)

 

Mexican-American

830 (38.4)

112 (33.4)

658 (39.5)

60 (38.2)

 

Other

71 (3.3)

17 (5.1)

51 (3.1)

3 (1.9)

 

Hypertension (%)

1001 (46.4)

0 (0.0)**

889 (53.3)##

112 (71.3)††

3.49E-79

Diabetes mellitus (%)

485 (22.5)

0 (0.0)**

414 (24.8)##

71 (45.2)††

4.29E-33

Cardiovascular disease (%)

146 (6.8)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)##

146 (93.0)††

0.0E0

Body mass index, kg/m2

28.7 (25.2, 32.7)

27.4 (24.3, 30.7)**

28.9 (25.3, 33.0)

29.4 (26.3, 33.3)††

9.40E-07

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

124 (113, 136)

114 (108, 121)**

126 (115, 138)##

134 (125, 149)††

6.50E-57

Diastolic blood pressure,

76 (70, 83)

73 (66, 77)**

77 (71, 85)

77 (70, 83)††

2.32E-24

C-reactive protein, mg/dL

0.21 (0.21, 0.50)

0.21 (0.21, 0.36)**

0.21 (0.21, 0.50)##

0.40 (0.21, 0.77)††

5.14E-09

Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L

5.32 (4.95, 5.85)

5.10 (4.81, 5.45)**

5.35 (4.97, 5.93)##

5.76 (5.25, 7.10)††

3.69E-24

Hemoglobin A1c, %

5.4 (5.0, 5.8)

5.2 (4.9, 5.5)**

5.4 (5.1, 5.9)##

5.8 (5.4, 6.9)††

3.33E-27

Alanine transaminase, U/L

18 (13, 27)

17 (12, 27)*

18 (13, 28)#

17 (12, 22)

0.004

Aspartate transaminase, U/L

21 (17, 27)

20 (16, 26)*

21 (17, 27)#

20 (17, 26)

0.005

Alkaline phosphatase, U/L

84 (70, 102)

82 (68, 97)*

84 (70, 102)##

92 (80, 117)††

5.00E-07

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

5.33 (4.60, 6.08)

4.94 (4.27, 5.66)**

5.35 (4.65, 6.10)##

5.69 (5.04, 6.44)††

1.64E-14

Triglyceride, mmol/L

1.67 (1.10, 2.48)

1.05 (0.76, 1.28)**

1.90 (1.31, 2.76)##

1.57 (1.00, 2.35)††

3.41E-85

HDL-C, mmol/L

1.16 (0.96, 1.42)

1.22 (0.98, 1.46)

1.16 (0.96, 1.40)#

1.22 (1.03, 1.47)

0.039

Uric acid, umol/L

327.1 (267.7, 392.6)

309.3 (246.9, 362.8)**

327.1 (267.7, 392.6)

339.0 (291.5, 410.4)††

1.70E-05

Serum creatinine, μmol/L

88.4 (79.6, 106.1)

88.4 (79.6, 106.1)

88.4 (79.6, 106.8)##

97.2 (88.4, 114.9)††

1.21E-04

UACR, mg/g

6.12 (3.29, 12.32)

4.57 (2.32, 7.61)**

6.27 (3.39, 12.81)##

10.42 (4.83, 23.39)††

2.98E-18

eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2

86.51 (72.07, 104.24)

91.22 (77.77, 108.73)**

85.32 (70.57, 103.71)

82.36 (66.94, 100.55)††

7.00E-06

Fibrosis-4 index

0.79 (0.54, 1.19)

0.62 (0.47, 0.85)**

0.80 (0.54, 1.19)##

1.30 (0.95, 1.71)††

1.79E-35

  1. 1ANOVA test or Kruskal-Wallis H test for continuous variables, and chi-square test for categorical variables were used.Continuous values are presented as median (interquartile range) and categorical variables as count (percentage). Statistical significance was defined as a -tailed P-value < 0.05. Stage 1 vs. Stage 2: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.001. Stage 2 vs. Stages 3and 4: #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.001. Stage 1 vs. Stages 3 and 4,†P < 0.05, ††P < 0.001. MASLD metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, UACR urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate.
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