Table 2 Subgroup multivariate Cox regression analysis on the association between CKM stages and all-cause mortality in NHANES III cohort

From: Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is associated with increased mortality in individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)

Subgroup

Overall

Age <60 years

Age ≥60 years

HR (95% CI)

P-value1

HR (95% CI)

P-value1

HR (95% CI)

P-value1

Sex

Male

 

1

Reference

Reference

Reference

 

2

1.54 (1.06–2.22)

0.022

2.40 (1.43–4.03)

9.11E-04

1.38 (0.82–2.33)

0.219

 

3 and 4

3.19 (2.06–4.93)

1.99E-07

9.21 (4.67–18.17)

1.46E-10

2.52 (1.41–4.48)

0.002

 

Female

 

1

Reference

Reference

Reference

 

2

1.56 (0.99–2.48)

0.057

2.17 (1.27–3.71)

0.005

1.88 (0.77–4.60)

0.168

 

3 and 4

2.18 (1.29–3.70)

0.004

5.75 (2.64–12.54)

1.09E-05

2.57 (1.01–6.54)

0.047

BMI, kg/m2

<25.0

 

1

Reference

Reference

Reference

 

2

1.34 (0.79–2.28)

0.274

1.29 (0.67–2.50)

0.444

2.54 (1.04–6.22)

0.041

 

3 and 4

2.77 (1.38–5.55)

0.004

11.16 (3.69–33.77)

1.95E-05

3.93 (1.42–10.88)

0.008

 

25.0–29.9

 

1

Reference

Reference

Reference

 

2

1.77 (1.13–2.78)

0.013

2.49 (1.29–4.82)

0.007

1.68 (0.90–3.13)

0.106

 

3 and 4

2.87 (1.70–4.84)

7.8E-05

8.52 (3.43–21.14)

3.85E-06

2.38 (1.21–4.68)

0.012

 

≥30

 

1

Reference

Reference

Reference

 

2

1.59 (0.92–2.74)

0.094

2.58 (1.36–4.90)

0.004

1.19 (0.43–3.25)

0.740

 

3 and 4

2.83 (1.54–5.20)

7.81E-04

7.14 (3.19–15.98)

1.70E-06

2.09 (0.73–6.02)

0.170

Ethnicity

Non-Hispanic white

 

1

Reference

Reference

Reference

 

2

1.80 (1.10–2.96)

0.020

2.39 (1.25–4.58)

0.008

2.16 (1.00–4.66)

0.049

 

3 and 4

3.35 (1.89–5.95)

3.65E-05

6.37 (2.63–15.42)

3.98E-05

4.52 (1.97–10.35)

3.68E-04

 

Non-Hispanic black

 

1

Reference

Reference

Reference

 

2

1.17 (0.72–1.91)

0.524

1.71 (0.89–3.27)

0.106

1.35 (0.64–2.85)

0.434

 

3 and 4

2.10 (1.16–3.81)

0.015

26.30 (9.10–76.01)

1.56E-09

1.88 (0.84–4.21)

0.127

 

Mexican-American

 

1

Reference

Reference

Reference

 

2

1.91 (1.06–3.43)

3.14E-04

2.82 (1.37–5.79)

0.005

1.54 (0.56–4.24)

0.400

 

3 and 4

3.22 (1.68–6.18)

4.43E-04

9.26 (3.92–21.89)

3.89E-07

2.07 (0.72–6.00)

0.176

FIB-4

<1.3

 

1

Reference

Reference

Reference

 

2

1.60 (1.13–2.27)

0.008

2.14 (1.46–3.13)

9.19E-05

2.06 (0.90–4.73)

0.087

 

3 and 4

3.41 (2.21–5.26)

3.03E-08

8.78 (5.14–15.01)

1.94E-15

3.37 (1.39–8.21)

0.007

 

≥1.3

 

1

Reference

Reference

Reference

 

2

1.46 (0.88–2.43)

0.146

4.88 (0.66–36.37)

0.122

1.36 (0.80–2.31)

0.257

 

3 and 4

2.14 (1.23–3.71)

0.007

10.65 (1.26–89.76)

0.030

1.98 (1.12–3.53)

0.019

  1. 1Hazard ratios were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models (two-sided tests). No adjustments were made for multiple comparisons. The Multivariate Cox regression model was adjusted by sex (not adjusted in age subgroup), age (not adjusted in age subgroup), poverty income ratio, ethnicity (not adjusted in ethnicity subgroup), and FIB-4 (not adjusted in FIB-4 subgroup). Statistical significance was defined as a -tailed P-value < 0.05. CKM syndrome cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome, HR hazard ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval, BMI body mass index, FIB-4 fibrosis-4 index.
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