Fig. 3: Sex-specific associations between IPFD and T2D by age, BMI and genetic risk.

Sex-specific associations between IPFD and T2D stratified by age, BMI and genetic risk (N = 22703). A Stratified analysis of associations between IPFD and T2D in women. B Stratified analysis of associations between IPFD and T2D in men. Significant interaction was identified between IPFD and age group in men (p for interaction 0.003). Data is presented as a hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). P for interaction (two-sided) was calculated with likelihood ratio test. Results were adjusted for age, ethnicity, Townsend deprivation index, household income, education level, drinking status, smoking status, physical activity, healthy diet score, systolic blood pressure, HbA1c, LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides and standard polygenic risk scores for T2D. Abbreviations: HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, BMI body mass index. Center for the error bars indicate hazard ratios estimated by maximizing the Cox partial likelihood derived from the Cox proportional hazards models; the error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals. N indicates number of participants included in analysis.