Fig. 1: mAge deviation association with microbiome diversity.

Simpson (A) and Shannon (B) alpha diversity indices, Pielou Evenness (C), and ASV Richness (D) index comparing both mAge deviation groups. In all violin plots, the centre line represents the median, box limits constitute upper and lower quartiles. Dots represent individual samples. “*” indicates significance at p-value ≤ 0.05. Statistical comparisons were performed using two-sided Mann–Whitney U tests (no multiple-comparison correction). All plots each capture 150 biologically independent individuals in the lower mAge deviation group and 153 biologically independent individuals in the higher mAge deviation group as determined by cohort composition after filtering out samples with low sequencing depth for rarefaction. ASV amplicon sequence variant, mAge methylation age.