Table 3 Associations between beta diversity indices and mAge deviation, age, physical, and cognitive outcomes

From: Oral short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria may be associated with biological age and cognition among the oldest old

  

Bray Curtis

RPCA

Phylo-RPCA

Outcome

Adjustment

R2

p

R2

p

R2

p

mAge deviation

Unadjusted

0.0053

0.028

0.0086

0.066

0.0038

0.300

Sex

0.0041

0.139

    

Age

Unadjusted

0.0026

0.817

0.0018

0.581

0.0046

0.242

MMSE

Unadjusted

0.0039

0.186

0.0028

0.416

0.0033

0.370

SPPB

Unadjusted

0.0063

0.006

0.0091

0.059

0.0038

0.311

Sex + Time

0.0064

0.059

    

BADL

Unadjusted

0.0085

0.000

0.0241

0.000

0.0132

0.016

Sex + Time

0.0066

0.054

0.0055

0.294

0.0055

0.296

IADL

Unadjusted

0.0064

0.005

0.0157

0.006

0.0070

0.116

Sex

0.0054

0.021

0.0126

0.018

  
  1. This table summarizes the associations between beta diversity metrics of the oral microbiome and aging-related outcomes. Three distance metrics were used: Bray–Curtis, robust principal component analysis (RPCA), and phylogenetically informed RPCA (Phylo-RPCA). R² values represent the proportion of variance in beta diversity explained by each outcome, as determined by PERMANOVA (two-sided test, 10 000 permutations). Following a significant result, models were adjusted for sex and/or assessment timing where necessary. No multiple-comparison correction was applied within this table. Analyses were performed on n = 311 biologically independent participants for RPCA and Phylo-RPCA, and on n = 303 participants for Bray–Curtis after rarefaction. Bold p-values denote significance at p < 0.05.
  2. BADL basic activities of daily living, IADL instrumental activities of daily living, mAge deviation methylation Age deviation, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, RPCA robust principal component analysis, SPPB short physical performance battery.
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