Table 1 Prevalence of contraceptive-induced menstrual changes reported (222 studies)
Type of menstrual change | Number of reportsa | Sample size | Prevalence reported | Prevalence in studies with ≥ 1 year follow-up (106 studies) | Prevalence in studies with ≥ 1000 participants (20 studies) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Heavy menstrual bleeding | 74 | 21–9262 | 0–64.3% | 0–52.7% | 1.8–44.1% |
Breakthrough (intermenstrual) bleeding/spotting | 53 | 23–9262 | 0–70.0% | 0–50.0% | 3.4–27.9% |
Amenorrhoea | 110 | 23–9262 | 0–80.0% | 0–80.0% | 3.5–80.0% |
Frequent bleeding | 25 | 23–1994 | 0–63.6% | 0–17.4% | 5.1–55.2% |
Infrequent bleeding | 30 | 23–9262 | 0–60.9% | 0–39.1% | 0–24.2% |
Prolonged bleeding | 40 | 20–1868 | 0–78.9% | 0–58.0% | 0–44.8% |
Menstrual changes (unspecified) | 231 | 20–9262 | 0–94.0% | 0–81.3% | 0–80.0% |
