Fig. 4: Microscopic findings associated with neuro-PASC in primates.

Humans and macaques develop similar viral diseases and share common histopathological markers, such as (1) infection of neurons and glial cells, detected by colocalization with different viral markers (SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins, double-stranded RNA). (2) Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), with viral presence associated with vascular abnormalities. (3) astrocyte-associated neuroinflammatory response. By D. Beckman, created in BioRender (https://biorender.com/shortURL) is licensed under CC BY 4.0.