Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients stratified by first treatment (hepatectomy vs. neoadjuvant triple therapy), before and after propensity score matching

From: Neoadjuvant transarterial chemoembolization with tyrosine kinase and immune checkpoint inhibitors improves survival from resectable hepatocellular carcinoma in a multicenter, retrospective study (GUIDANCE002)

Characteristic

Before matching

After matching

Neoadjuvant triple therapy (n = 205)

Direct hepatectomy

(n = 378)

P

SMD

Neoadjuvant triple therapy (n = 167)

Direct hepatectomy (n = 167)

P

SMD

Age, yr

54.1 ± 11.2

53.4 ± 11.4

0.451

0.066

53.6 ± 11.1

53.4 ± 11.6

0.893

0.015

Sex, male

178 (86.8)

326 (86.2)

0.844

0.017

146 (87.4)

142 (85.0)

0.525

0.070

Hepatitis B virus surface antigen, positive

163 (79.5)

313 (82.8)

0.327

0.084

135 (80.8)

138 (82.6)

0.671

0.047

Antibody against hepatitis C virus, positive

6 (2.9)

6 (1.6)

0.434

0.090

4 (2.4)

4 (2.4)

1.000

<0.001

Liver cirrhosis, present

134 (65.4)

262 (69.3)

0.330

0.084

109 (65.3)

113 (67.7)

0.643

0.051

Total bilirubin, mol/L

11.8 (8.8, 17.3)

13.9 (10.5, 18.7)

0.001

0.152

11.8 (9.1, 17.4)

13.7 (10.5, 17.9)

0.035

0.080

Albumin, g/L

37.9 ± 4.7

37.1 ± 5.0

0.059

0.166

37.9 ± 4.8

38.0 ± 6.0

0.843

0.022

Prothrombin time, sec

12.6 ± 2.2

12.6 ± 2.0

0.819

0.020

12.6 ± 2.4

12.6 ± 2.5

0.812

0.026

Platelet count, × 109/L

210.0 (162.0, 274.0)

190.5 (143.2, 247.5)

0.002

0.313

207.0 (151.5, 261.0)

212.0 (161.0, 270.0)

0.606

0.028

Alanine aminotransferase, U/L

39.0 (26.0, 56.0)

35.0 (23.0, 50.0)

0.022

0.014

39.0 (24.5, 52.0)

34.0 (23.0, 48.0)

0.147

0.072

α-fetoprotein, ≥ 400 ng/ml

92 (44.9)

163 (43.1)

0.683

0.035

72 (43.1)

69 (41.3)

0.740

0.036

Child–Pugh liver function, A

183 (89.3)

337 (89.2)

0.966

0.004

152 (91.0)

147 (88.0)

0.372

0.098

Maximum tumor diameter, cm

8.2 (5.5, 11.7)

6.8 (4.5, 10.0)

0.003

0.232

7.8 (5.0, 11.6)

7.3 (4.8, 10.6)

0.674

0.005

Tumor number, multiple

146 (71.2)

261 (69.0)

0.585

0.047

121 (72.5)

116 (69.5)

0.547

0.066

Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage, B/C

138 (67.3)/67 (32.7)

188 (49.7)/190 (50.3)

<0.001

0.363

104 (62.3)/63 (37.7)

100 (59.9)/67 (40.1)

0.654

0.049

  1. Values are n (%), mean ± standard deviation, or median (interquartile range), unless otherwise noted. P values were calculated by the Student’s t test or the Mann–Whitney U test for continuous variables and by Pearson’s chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. Standardized mean difference (SMD) of less than 0.1 for a given co-variable indicates a relatively small imbalance. Neoadjuvant triple therapy, neoadjuvant transarterial chemoembolization combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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