Table 1 Summary of 12 meta-analyses of steatotic liver disease (SLD) in people living with chronic hepatitis B (PLWHB) infection

From: Diagnosing and defining MASLD in people living with chronic hepatitis B

First author; date of publication

Number of studies

Study country (number of studies by country)

SLD diagnosis method (number of studies by method)

SLD prevalence

Machado; 201114

17

Australia (1), China (4), Greece (4), India (2), Iran (1), Korea (1), Romania (1), Turkey (2), USA (1)

Biopsy (17)

29.6% (range 14–70%)

Jiang; 202115

98

Brazil (2), China (60), France (1), Greece (1), Hong Kong (1), India (1), Iran (3), Israel (1), Italy (2), Korea (5), Malaysia (1), Pakistan (2), Philippines (1), Poland (1), Romania (2), Singapore (1), Spain (1), Thailand (1), Tunisia (1), Turkey (6), USA (3)

CT (1); CAP (13); Biopsy (62); MR (1), Mix (3), US (17)

34.9% (95% CI 32.0–37.9)

Zheng; 202116

49

Brazil (1), China (23), Greece (2) Hong Kong (1), India (1), Iran (1), Italy (1), Korea (4), Romania (2), Spain (2), Taiwan (2), Thailand (2), Turkey (6), USA (2)

Biopsy (31); US (10); CAP (4); Mix (4)

32.8% (95% CI 28.9–37.0)

Mao; 202317

34

Canada/ Netherlands (1), China (13), Greece (1), Hong Kong (2), Israel (1), Korea (8), Malaysia (1), Singapore (1), Taiwan (2), Thailand (1), Tunisia (1), Turkey (1), USA (1)

FLI (1), CAP (5); Biopsy (22); US (5); Mix (1)

N/A

Zhou; 202318

85

China (59), Hong Kong (2), India (2), Iran (3), Israel (1), Korea (5), Malaysia (1), Pakistan (2), Taiwan (2), Thailand (1), Turkey (7)

CAP (16); Biopsy (51); Mix (1); MR (1); US (15)

36.5% (95% CI 33.7–39.3)

Wong; 202319

16

Canada/Netherlands (1), China (4), Hong Kong (1), Israel (1), Korea (3), Singapore (1), Taiwan (3), Turkey (1), Australia)

CAP (4); Biopsy (7); US (4); Mix (1)

N/A

Han; 202322

11

Canada/Netherlands (1), China (1), China/USA (1), Hong Kong (1), Korea (4), Singapore (1), Taiwan (2)

FLI (1); CAP (1); Biopsy (4); US (2); Mix (2); Not recorded (1)

N/A

Shen; 202421

18

Canada (1), Canada/Netherlands (1), China (3), Hong Kong (1), Israel (1), Korea (5), Singapore (1), Taiwan (4), Thailand (1)

FLI/HSI/SIHBV (1); CAP (3); Biopsy (8); Mix (3); US (3)

N/A

Rui; 202420

10

China (5), Korea (1), Thailand (1), Turkey (2), USA (1)

CAP (2); Biopsy (4); US (3); Mix (US, CT, MR)

42.2% (range: 33.7–66.7%)

Liu; 202423

11

China (6), France (1), Korea (3), USA (1)

CAP (1); Biopsy (6); US (3); Mix (US, CT, MR, Biopsy) (1)

37%

Zeng; 202491

11

China (6), Korea (1), Taiwan (1), USA (1), Turkey (1), global (1)

CAP (2); Biopsy (5); US (2), CT Liver/Spleen Ratio (1), Mix (1)

N/A

Zhu, 202524

24

China (15), Canada (3), Taiwan (2), Korea (2), Singapore (1), Israel (1)

Biopsy (16), US (6), FLI (1), N/A (1)

N/A

  1. Outcomes are summarised in Fig. 3.
  2. CAP controlled attenuation parameter, CI confidence interval, CT computer tomography, FLI fatty liver index, HSI hepatic steatosis index, Mix mixed diagnostic modalities, MR magnetic resonance, N/A not available, SIHBV steatosis index in people living with HBV, SLD steatotic liver disease, US ultrasound, USA United States of America.
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