Extended Data Fig. 2: Characterization of E. coli–thylakoid hybrid.

(a) Zeta potential value of E. coli and thylakoid. Data points are reported as mean ± standard deviation derived from 3 independent experiments (n = 3). (b) The UV-vis absorption spectra of E. coli, PDA, and E. coli@PDA. (c) The UV-vis absorption spectra of the E. coli–thylakoid hybrid and E. coli. (d) The CLSM image of E. coli. (e) Bio-TEM image of thin-sectioned E. coli. (f) Bio-TEM image of thin-sectioned the E. coli–thylakoid hybrid.