Table 1 Optimization of the reaction conditions

From: Breaking the ‘rule-of-five’ to access bridged bicyclic heteroaromatic bioisosteres

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Entry

Photocatalyst

ET (kcal mol−1)

E1/2 [M*/M•−] (V)

E1/2 [M•+/M*] (V)

4 (% yield)

4a (% yield)

1

[Ir(dF[CF3]ppy)2(dtbbpy)]PF6

61.8

+1.21

–0.89

69 (68)

13 (13)

2

[Ir(ppy)2(dtbbpy)]PF6

49.2

+0.66

–0.96

0

0

3

fac-[Ir(ppy)3]

58.1

+0.31

–1.73

0

0

4

fac-[Ir(dFppy)3]

63.5

+0.34

–1.44

60

13

5a

Thioxanthone (10 mol%)

65.6

+1.18

–1.11

65

10

6

None

0

0

7b

[Ir(dF[CF3]ppy)2(dtbbpy)]PF6

61.8

+1.21

–0.89

0

0

  1. The yields were determined by quantitative 1H NMR spectroscopy of the crude reaction mixture using CH2Br2 as the internal standard. The yields in parentheses are of isolated products. aA 390-nm light-emitting diode (LED) was used. bReaction performed in the dark. E1/2, half-wave potential; ET, triplet excited-state energy; ppy, 2-phenylpyridine; dtbbpy, 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine.