Fig. 5: The performance of DSA and differential algorithms on the signals we obtained.

a Original signals with unstable DC components. b Differential processed signals. c DSA algorithm processed signals. d Original signal pulse segments. e Differential processed pulse segments. f DSA processed pulse segments. DSA segments have a phase difference of half a pulse length from the original signal segment on the time series. The dark-colored regions in (d–f) represent the triggering window for this signal, and the light-colored regions represent the non-triggering window for this signal.