Fig. 7: Parametric experiments of droplet generation.

Real-time images of (a) vegetable oil, (b) silicone oil, and (c) mineral oil generating droplets at the same flow rate ratio. Impact of different dispersed and continuous phase flow rates on the diameter of the droplets generated in (d) vegetable oil, (e) silicone oil, and (f) mineral oil. Impact of different dispersed and continuous phase flow rates on the frequency of the droplets generated in (g) vegetable oil, (h) silicone oil, and (i) mineral oil. U1: dispersed-phase flow rate; U2: continuous-phase flow rate. U2/U1 value ranges from small to large in each setup. The set of experiments was terminated when the flow rate increased to the point where the dispersed phase assumed the jet state with no droplets.