Fig. 5: Representation of retinal morphology in the retinal phantom.

a Comparison of a human retina OCT image (retina) and a retinal phantom OCT image (right). The human retina image was obtained from the publicly available OCTDL dataset published by Kulyabin et al.⁵⁹. Red arrowheads indicate the vitreous membrane surrounding the vitreous humor. The phantom image shows 13 distinguishable layers including the nerve fiber layer (NFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), and choroid, as well as four hyperreflective bands. Scale bar is 100 μm. b Thickness measurements for each retinal layer of the phantom, based on 24 samples (six phantoms × four positions per phantom). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. The original measurement data can be found in Supplementary Data 1. Each scale bar represents 100 μm. The standard deviation was less than 2.17 μm.